Influenza virus pdf. It is caused by influenza A and B viruses.

Influenza virus pdf Given the significant burden of influenza infection globally, this review is focused on the latest findings in the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of pdf, 444kb . Even when the vaccine doesn’t exactly match these Influenza virus affects the respiratory tract by direct viral infection or by damage from the immune system response. 41Mb; May Influenza is a communicable viral disease that affects the upper and lower respiratory tract. More on this topic. However, people 65 years of age and older, children 5 years and younger, pregnant women, and Influenza symptoms can include fever, headache, muscle pain, runny nose, sore throat, extreme tiredness, and cough. Although the cause was unknown at the time, one of the first recognized outbreaks of highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) virus occurred in Europe in the 1870s. While anyone can get influenza, the very young, the elderly and people Influenza (flu) The flu, or influenza, is a respiratory virus that takes many forms and usually results from person-to-person contact. The flu can be very dangerous for children. It can cause mild to severe respiratory disease. 15,16 The A(H3N2) viruses that circulated during the 2021-2022 season were from a genetic subgroup (3C. 99 KB] Share this page. Adults with severe influenza-induced organ failure and pediatric patients with high PIM scores and acute renal failure have a greater risk of mortality [58–60]. period; influenza A and B viruses co-circulated, with a predominance of B/Victoria lineage viruses. Page 36, paragraph 3: Delete: “Notably, a significant number of viruses (dispersed throughout the phylogeny), detected in Spain (Catalonia), Annual seasonal influenza epidemics of variable severity caused by influenza A and B virus infections result in substantial disease burden worldwide. There are many different strains (types) of this virus. View PDF View article View in Scopus Google Scholar. Influenza (“the flu”) HCornellealth health. Assessment of risk associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N6) virus and Updated joint FAO/WHO/WOAH assessment of recent influenza A(H5N1) virus events in animals and people. Even when the vaccine doesn't exactly match these viruses, it may still provide some protection. The risk of In 2014, crystal structure of vRNA promoter-bound influenza RdRP complex was determined using bat-derived H17N10 influenza virus and influenza B virus (Pflug et al. Pengertian. In this prospective study, pathogenetic U. This network has played a critical role in developing our current understanding of global influenza virus circulation. In 1918, the cause of human influenza and Influenza (Flu) Vaccine (Inactivated or Recombinant): What you need to know 1 Why get vaccinated? Influenza (“flu”) is a contagious disease that spreads . 2024-25 influenza vaccines will be trivalent, containing hemagglutinin derived from 3 influenza viruses: one each of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, influenza A(H3N2), and influenza B/Victoria. Influenza A viruses infect a wide range of host species, whereas the main hosts for influenza B and C Keywords: Influenza A, virulence, virus transmission, avian Abstrak Di abad ke-20, beberapa pendemi/wabah gangguan saluran pernafasan yang berat pada manusia dan dapat juga menyebabkan kematian, disebabkan oleh virus influenza A. The recent research findings on influenza A virus (IAV) genome biology prompted us to present a comprehensive overview of IAV genes, protein functions, and replication cycle. It is not the same as the "stomach flu. Flu symptoms usually come on suddenly. Influenza A viruses can also cause sporadic infections Influenza, or the flu, is a common and highly contagious, infectious respiratory disease that affects the nose, throat and lungs. Symptoms. The influenza virus belongs to the family of orthomyxoviruses, which has four types: A, B, C, and D. Flu is caused by influenza viruses, and is spread mainly by coughing, sneezing, and close contact. It is caused by INFLUENZA FACT SHEET . Influenza spreads easily between peo influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2, complications, antiviral treatment, influenza vaccines, infection prevention, and non-pharmaceutical interventions, and highlight gaps in clinical These updated guidelines provide recommendations on the management of both severe and non-severe influenza and also includes recommendations on the use of antiviral medications to prevent influenza virus The influenza virus is a global threat to human health causing unpredictable yet recurring pandemics, the last four emerging over the course of a hundred years. The pandemic's most striking feature was the unusually high death rate among healthy adults aged 15 to 34 years, which consequently lowered the average life expectancy in the United States by more than 10 Serologic evidence of swine flu infection in humans was documented in 1958, 20 and the first isolation of swine influenza virus from a human occurred in 1974 from a patient with Hodgkin's disease To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and infections of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza viruses in hospitalized elderly patients with respiratory tract infections in Suzhou City, China, and to compare the differences in clinical characteristics and economic burden associated with these two infections. The GIBS database encompasses epidemiological and virological influenza surveillance data from thirty-one countries around the world (). Influenza A viruses have been found in wild Over the course of the 2014–15 influenza season influenza A(H3N2), A(H1N1)pdm09 and type B viruses have co - circulated in EU/EEA countries. 2. Each year Influenza viruses spread from human to human via aerosols created when an infected individual coughs or sneezes. Human infection with avian influenza A(H3N8) virus From 22 to 28 November 2024, no new case of human infection with avian influenza A(H3N8) virus was Influenza A viruses have caused more documented global pandemics in human history than any other pathogen1,2. Given the significant burden of influenza infection globally, this review is focused on the latest findings in the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of influenza. Influenza viruses (flu) have a global distribution and are both human and animal pathogens. received from EU and affiliated countries at the WHO CC in London (Table 1). If not neutralized by secretory antibodies, the virus invades airway and respiratory tract cells. Summary of clinical samples and virus isolates*, with collection dates from 1 September 2019, contained in packages received from The influenza virus is a global threat to human health causing unpredictable yet recurring pandemics, the last four emerging over the course of a hundred years. Influenza A viruses are the only influenza viruses known to cause flu pandemics (i. Some of these viruses can infect Influenza vaccine can prevent influenza (flu). Flu is a contagious disease that spreads around the United States every year, usually between October and May. int and WHO at gisrs-whohq@who. 2016). Influenza vaccine may be given at the same time as other vaccines. Here the authors present a universal influenza vaccine High pathogenicity avian influenza virus has a wide host range and has been detected across a large geographic area. including seasonal influenza, Seasonal influenza vaccines are safe, effective, and cost-effective. This virus can affect several species of food-producing birds (chickens, turkeys, quails, guinea fowl, etc. In humans, the respiratory epithelium is the only site where the hemagglutinin (HA) molecule is effectively cleaved, generating infectious virus particles. • The nasal-spray influenza vaccine can be given to healthy children 2 years and older. For confirmed cases, the reporting jurisdiction completes a case report form, which The 2022/2023 influenza season marked the return of influenza virus activity at almost pre-pandemic levels in the EU/EEA countries. Soon after, the structures of 5’ cRNA-bound flu B RdRP and apo form of flu C RdRP were also solved (Hengrung et al. Influenza adalah infeksi virus yang menyerang sistem pernapasan, yaitu hidung, tenggorokan, dan paru-paru. Flu vaccines for the U. The flu illness is caused by influenza viruses. 1 vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19). 13,16 A significantly higher rate of injection-site reactions The flu is a type of germ (called a virus) that you breathe in. Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza (HPAI H5N1) viruses occasionally infect, but typically do not transmit, in mammals. Flu can result in Flu is a contagious respiratory disease. Due to their distinct characteristics and limited impact as human pathogens, influenza C and D viruses are not Monitoring for Novel Influenza A virus infections among people, including Influenza A (H5) Rapid detection and reporting of human infections with novel influenza A viruses, including influenza A(H5), is important to facilitate prompt awareness and an effective public health response. The polymerase genes are essential determinants of Each year a new flu vaccine is made to protect against the influenza viruses believed to be likely to cause disease in the upcoming flu season. This has forced frequent updates of vaccine antigens to ensure that the somewhat narrowly focused vaccine-induced immune responses defend against circulating strains. Influenza can also be spread through touching surfaces where infected droplets have landed. The virus can also be transmitted through direct contact with an infected dog, as well as through fomites and people who have been in contact Influenza virus RNA genome replication is carried out by a dimeric form of the influenza virus RNA polymerase with one of the polymerases acting as a replicating polymerase, synthesizing product RNA, and the other acting as an encapsidating polymerase, capturing the nascent RNA product and initiating its assembly into a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. Download PDF. The cough can be severe and can last two or more weeks. Oleh karena itu penting bagi kita mengetahui bagaimana virus Influenza ini bertransmisi dan faktor–faktor yang mempengaruhi Influenza viruses undergo antigenic evolution through antigenic drift and shift in their surface glycoproteins. Here, the authors present evidence of spread to the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic influenza virus on the shells and in the whites and yolks of eggs laid by infected birds. The test is, to some extent, quantitative as one hemagglutinating unit (HAU) is equal to approximately 5-6 log 10 of virus. It can easily spread from person to person. Influenza viruses are most commonly spread by inhalation of infectious respiratory droplets produced by an infected person while talking, coughing or sneezing. Title: Influenza Vaccine Products for the 2024-2025 Influenza Season Author: Immunize. It is caused by influenza A and B viruses. There are three distinct types of influenza viruses that influenza virus infection. 2a1b. It is The pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus has been described as a “triple reassortant” of swine, human, and avian influenza viruses; the H1 gene from this virus has been circulating among swine for decades, with limited drift compared with genes of H1 viruses that have been circulating in humans, and is thus antigenically different from seasonal human H1N1 viruses. There was co-circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses during the reporting period with some The adaptive immune response to influenza virus infection is multifaceted and complex, involving antibody and cellular responses at both systemic and mucosal levels. Among those over 65, the flu kills around 31 people per 100,000 What causes avian influenza? Influenza A viruses cause avian influenza. The composition of flu vaccines has been updated. Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Resources. Anyone can get the flu, but it is Table 1 shows a summary of influenza virus detections in the WHO European Region reported to the European Surveillance System (TESSy) database during the 2021-2022 season (weeks 40 Influenza virus infection causes an estimated 290,000 to 650,000 deaths and millions of hospitalizations worldwide each year (). A pandemic can occur when a new and different influenza A virus emerges that The guideline is available in pdf format (via the ‘Download’ button) and via an online platform. 2 viruses) that emerged early in 2021 and were antigenically drifted from the A(H3N2) virus Influenza viruses spread from human to human via aerosols created when an infected individual coughs or sneezes. While anyone can get influenza, the very young, the elderly and people The influenza virus major surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA), and neuraminidase (NA) dominate the virion surface and form the main targets for these neutralizing antibodies. Most people recover within a week or 10 days. 3. People with flu are In this Review, we discuss the pathogenesis, the contribution of the host response to severe clinical phenotypes and highlight early and late epithelial repair mechanisms following H5N1 is respiratory virus that primarily infects birds. Viruses without subtype or lineage account ed for most of the detections. Seasonal influenza virus circulation declined markedly in 2020–21 after SARS-CoV-2 In this Seminar, we discuss the clinical presentation, transmission, diagnosis, management, and prevention of seasonal influenza infection. Although no clear seasonal pattern with onset, increase, peak and decrease of influenza virus detections was observed, the highest number of detections by week were reported during the final weeks of Influenza (flu) series - September 2022 Facts about influenza (the flu) What is influenza? Influenza is an acute infection of the respiratory system caused by the influenza virus. What causes influenza? • There are 4 types of influenza viruses, types A, B, C and D • Influenza A and B viruses circulate and cause seasonal epidemics of disease • Influenza A viruses also circulate in animals and can infect people causing zoonotic influenza • Only influenza type A viruses are known Canine Influenza Virus? Canine influenza is an airborne infection that is shed via aerosolized droplets when dogs sneeze, cough, or bark. High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses belonging to the H5N1 subtype are a leading Co-circulation of Influenza Viruses and SARS-CoV-2. It takes about 2 weeks for protection to develop after vaccination. Influenza is a major public health concern, infecting 5–15% of the global population annually. Table 2. Avian Influenza Weekly Update Number 974 | 2 Live and inactivated viruses are detected by the HA test. Despite the large number of known influenza In this Review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular determinants of influenza virus immune escape, sources of evolutionary selection pressure, What is “the flu”? The flu is a type of germ (called a virus) that you breathe in. Children may also experience nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. It typically resolves within two . 13,16 A significantly higher rate of injection-site reactions Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infection that is caused by two types of influenza virus (types A and B), which circulate in all parts of the world. Seasonal influenza A and B viruses circulate among humans worldwide causing epidemics of acute respiratory disease that are estimated to result in 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and 290 000 to 650 000 respiratory deaths globally each year (1, 2 Influenza viruses are enveloped viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae that contain a segmented RNA genome. Infected birds may not look sick. Avian influenza viruses can be broadly classified into 2 types, based on the severity of the illness caused in birds: Standardization of terminology for the influenza virus variants infecting humans: Update Joint announcement of FAO, OIE and WHO • Influenza Virus Infections in Humans pdf, 305kb For more information, please contact FAO at GLEWS@fao. around the United States every year, usually between October and May. Influenza viruses are A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) influenza viruses. All strains are named starting with an A or B type (such as Influenza A H1N1 or Influenza The influenza virus or “flu” is a respiratory virus that circulates in Ontario, most frequently in the fall and winter. 2015; Thierry et al. Influenza virus is an enveloped virus that contains a segmented negative strand RNA genome. To date, 23 EU/EEA countries have shared 805 influenza-positive specimens with the Third, the match between the virus antigens in the annual vaccine and circulating influenza viruses can affect the incidence of seasonal influenza. Each year in Canada about five to 10 per cent of adults and 20 to 30 per cent of children are infected with influenza, usually [] Definition Influenza, also known as the flu, is a virus that spreads easily and can infect the nose, throat, and lungs. Influenza B viruses may cause milder disease but often cause epidemics Influenza A viruses (IAVs) constitute a major threat to human health. The flu causes fever, sore throat, tiredness, sneezing, coughing, watery eyes, nausea, vomiting, and muscle pain. Flu can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. Influenza spreads from person-to-person through coughing, sneezing or having face-to-face contact. 472 - 477 , 10. Flu is also called influenza (in-floo- EN-zuh). 99 were positive for influenza viruses, of which 60 (60. There has been a great increase in the number of Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics of respiratory tract infections that produce a wide spectrum of clinical disease severity in humans. 1016/S0140-6736(97)11212-0 View PDF View article View in Scopus Google Scholar Influenza virus testing is not required to make a clinical diagnosis of influenza in outpatients with suspected influenza, particularly during increased influenza activity when seasonal influenza A and B viruses are circulating in the local community. What are the Symptoms? Sudden onset of fever >38, cough and one or more of the following: headache, muscle aches, sore throat, malaise. Influenza virus basics. 3%); hasta mayo 22 de 2009, se tienen 6552 casos confirmados con esta nueva cepa. The symptoms have sudden onset, are far more serious than the common cold and include headache, chills and a dry cough followed by body Influenza virus detections in WHO European Region from start of reporting for 2018 –19 season (weeks 40 of 2018 to 20 of 2019) a Ratios are given for type A:B [in bold type], A(H3N2):A(H1N1)pdm09 and Yamagata:Victoria lineages. Pneumonia may develop as a complication and may be fatal, particularly in elderly persons with underlying chronic disease. Influenza B viruses may cause milder disease but often cause epidemics Detection of influenza virus infection and prompt implementation of infection prevention and control measures is critical to prevention of nosocomial influenza outbreaks. 4. In April 2009 the World Health Organization declared a formal “public health emergency of international concern,” marking the start of an international public health Influenza A viruses present important public health risks, with recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in dairy cattle raising concerns about potential Influenza (flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. It is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, cough (usually dry), headache, muscle and joint pain, severe malaise (feeling unwell), sore throat and a runny nose. The first detection of the avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in humans in 1997, and its subsequent re-emergence in Influenza virus infection is a global health threat and vaccines are required that show broad protection against a range of viral subtypes. 5%) y desde Abril 15 de 2009, la nueva cepa de virus influenza A H1N1 (72. In total, researchers estimate that the flu causes 400,000 respiratory deaths and 300,000 cardiovascular deaths each year. Note: all U. The “flu season” occurs in the fall and winter. Whereas H5N1 vRNA has been detected in some store-bought milk, the consistent absence of viable virus Influenza viruses continually circulate in animals, and at times, these viruses gain the ability to spill over and infect humans. Because flu and the common cold have similar symptoms, it can be Slightly more influenza type B viruses were reported than type A. Among young children with influenza, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea may also occur with respiratory symptoms. Annual epidemics cause severe illnesses, deaths, and economic loss around the world. [PDF-482. Annual seasonal influenza epidemics of variable severity caused by influenza A and B virus infections result in substantial disease burden worldwide. Summary of clinical samples and virus isolates*, with collection dates from 1 September 2019, contained in packages received from Background Influenza is a common infectious disease caused by influenza viruses. This page outlines CDC’s recommendations for preventing exposure to avian influenza viruses. Given the significant burden of influenza infection globally, this review is focused on the latest findings in the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of Influenza, or “flu,” is an infection of the nose, throat, and lungs. 5 MB) Atypical signs and symptoms of influenza virus infection can occur, including in frail, institutionalized elderly long-term care facility residents (e. e. Influenza viruses can change rapidly. Seasonal influenza A and B viruses circulate among humans worldwide causing epidemics of acute respiratory disease that are estimated to result in 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and 290 000 to 650 000 respiratory deaths globally each year (1, 2 Globally swine influenza is one of the most important diseases of the pig industry, with various subtypes of swine influenza virus co-circulating in the field. 4b viruses arose from previously circulating influenza A(H5Nx) viruses and spread predominantly via migratory birds to many parts of Africa, Asia and Europe. As such, the term “swine flu” refers to swine influenza viruses infecting SURVEILLANCE REPORT Influenza virus characterisation – Summary Europe, December 2019 3 . " Flu is caused by a virus that attacks the nose, throat, and lungs. Therefore, sporadic human cases are not unexpected. However, there are some characteristics of the pandemic that Human influenza A H5N1 virus related to a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus Lancet , 351 ( 1998 ) , pp. As such, the term “swine flu” refers to swine influenza viruses infecting Recent studies have shown that administering trivalent flu vaccines, either at higher dose or with an adjuvant to increase immunogenicity, improves vaccine efficacy in people aged 65 or more. 8%), B (4. S. PDF View & Print Download More in this language Albanian August 15, 2019 VISs Amharic The 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus (hereafter referred to as influenza A(H1N1)pdm09) which appeared for the first time in 2009 causing a global influenza pandemic, is now a seasonal influenza virus that co-circulates with other seasonal viruses (namely influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B viruses). We inferred that the locations where circulation of H1N1, H3N2, and B/Victoria influenza virus lineages was maintained during the acute phase were all in Asia. Therefore, avian INFLUENZA (FLU) FACT SHEET What is influenza? Influenza, commonly called "the flu," is caused by influenza viruses when they infect the respiratory tract (nose, throat, lungs). Influenza symptoms usually include the sudden onset of: fever; cough; myalgias; Other common symptoms include: In this review we examine the hypothesis that aquatic birds are the primordial source of all influenza viruses in other species and study the ecological features that permit the perpetuation of influenza viruses in aquatic avian species. The evolution of influenza viruses results in (i) recurrent annual epidemics of disease that are caused by progressive antigenic drift of influenza A and B viruses due to the mutability of the RNA genome and (ii) infrequent but severe pandemics caused by the emergence of novel influenza A subtypes to which the population has little immunity. It spreads rapidly and affects human population across large geographical region within short period of Introducción. Trivalent influenza (flu) vaccines are designed to protect against three flu viruses. Influenza B viruses may cause milder disease but often cause epidemics The avian influenza (AI) virus, which is the type A influenza virus adapted to an avian host, has been an important pathogen for the poultry industry worldwide for many years. It can provide better protection in healthy children ages 2 through Influenza (flu) The flu, or influenza, is a respiratory virus that takes many forms and usually results from person-to-person contact. January 2020 pdf, 1. Currently, three antiviral drugs targeting the influenza virus surface glycoprotein neuraminidase are available for treatment and prophylaxis of disease. Dalam banyak kasus, influenza mungkin hanya menyebabkan gejala The influenza virus or “flu” is a respiratory virus that circulates in Ontario, most frequently in the fall and winter. In the spring of 2024, an unprecedented outbreak of HPAI H5N1 in bovine Currently, three antiviral drugs targeting the influenza virus surface glycoprotein neuraminidase are available for treatment and prophylaxis of disease. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is a virology open access journal specializing exclusively in influenza and other respiratory viruses, with a direct focus on prevention, detection, treatment and control. Assembly and budding of progeny influenza virions is a complex, multi-step process that occurs in lip Abstract. Influenza Q & A (factsheet – PDF: 1. The guidelines detail directions for Sacramento, California – Governor Gavin Newsom today proclaimed a State of Emergency to streamline and expedite the state’s response to Avian influenza A (H5N1), Influenza virus basics. ), as well as pet and wild birds. As in other viral infections, systemic symptoms such Trivalent influenza (flu) vaccines are designed to protect against three flu viruses. The polymerase genes are essential determinants of SURVEILLANCE REPORT Influenza virus characterisation – Summary Europe, December 2019 3 . While Ý uñÒ{ê Þì íæàÁ# G 1b‡Ü=ˆŒZ¼AõœeÈÍzóŒ¨Î,¬»Ð[ú°ìŒ»Ü ÙãŠð~Ž ! ƒpĨÆ1™ imÏÙ¨¨F›šI]s²a½yj®FûOš¢ÜÁÉhÑ8K» Öò¶‡}PY®ï” iÎåj ÎÕª3È+:˜la§@¦w wR»Û†ÎE )´ Influenza is a communicable viral disease that affects the upper respiratory tract, including upper and lower respiratory passages. The eight gene segments of the IAV genome encode 17 proteins, each having unique functions contributing to virus fitness in the host. Many studies have been conducted to elucidate these Influenza (flu) is a potentially serious disease that can lead to hospitalization and sometimes even death. Influenza vaccine does not cause flu. Seasonal epidemics are caused by both influenza A and B viruses; since 1968, most seasonal influenza epidemics have been caused by H3N2 (an influenza A virus). The Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS)1, previously known as the Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN), has performed influenza virological surveillance since 1952. Typically characterized by annual seasonal epidemics, Influenza is caused by influenza viruses. Type A viruses cause periodic B/Victoria: 26 influenza B/Victoria-lineage virus were antigenically characterized by HI, and all were well-recognized (reacting at titers that were within 4-fold of the homologous virus titer) by ferret antisera to cell-grown B/Austria/1359417/2021-like reference viruses representing the B/Victoria component for the cell- and recombinant-based influenza vaccines. These viruses are transmissible through respiratory droplets expelled fro Seasonal influenza viruses typically cause annual epidemics worldwide, infecting up to 35% of the human population 1,2. Influenza viruses are Influenza causes widespread sporadic illness yearly during fall and winter in temperate climates (seasonal epidemics). Flu Resources Wild to Mild 2024 NIVW Digital Media Toolkit Social Media Toolkit View All August 14, 2024 Influenza (Flu) Vaccine (Inactivated or Recombinant) What to know. Is there more than one kind of influenza virus? Yes. Of the sub-typed influenza A viruses, none were influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and 50 (100%) were influenza A(H3N2). We also review the animal–human interface of • Influenza infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality every year. Although colds and other viruses may cause similar symptoms, those due to the influenza virus tend to be worse. When there is influenza activity in the community, clinicians should consider influenza molecular testing, for patients who develop signs and symptoms of influenza while they Influenza (the flu) is an infection of the nose, throat, and lungs caused by influenza viruses. In recognition of the significant health threat posed by this disease, public health authorities in high- and low-income countries alike are increasingly prioritizing Whenever avian influenza viruses are circulating in poultry, there is a risk for sporadic infection and small clusters of human cases due to exposure to infected poultry or contaminated environments. 6%) were typed as influenza A and 39 (39. These symptoms begin one to four (typically two) days after exposure to the virus and last for about two to eight days. Predominantly , these viruses were type A influenza H1N1pdm viruses and type B influenza viruses of the B/Victoria/2/87 lineage, although type A influenza H3N2 viruses and type B influenza viruses of the B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage continued to be detected. Background. 2024–2025 season will contain the following: tested more than 50521 specimens during that time period. Complications of the flu can result in trouble breathing, convulsions, seizures, and pneumonia. Of the four types of influenza viruses, A, B, C and D, all but D viruses infect humans. Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses which circulate in all parts of the world. A cold is a mild infection of the nose and throat caused by a variety of Seasonal Influenza. It can get into the nose, throat, and lungs. The states control who is eligible and where vaccines are given. However, influenza virus testing can inform clinical management when the results may influence Influenza is an acute respiratory illness, caused by influenza A, B, and C viruses, that occurs in local outbreaks or seasonal epidemics. weeks without treatment from a medical provider This viral illness tends to come on quickly with its . Feline respiratory diseases caused by influenza viruses appear to be rather rare and usually self-limiting; however, secondary bacterial infections can lead to complications, and can be associated with fatalities. Dalam banyak kasus, influenza mungkin hanya menyebabkan gejala The flu is a type of germ (called a virus) that you breathe in. Seasonal influenza A and B viruses circulate among humans worldwide causing epidemics of acute respiratory disease that are estimated to result in 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and 290 000 to 650 000 respiratory deaths globally each year (1, 2 las cepas de virus influenza A H1 (6. 1 Types of Influenza Three types of influenza are important in public health •Seasonal influenza: caused by seasonal influenza viruses; causes annual epidemics in temperate climates, year-round activity in non-temperate climates •Zoonotic influenza: occurs when an animal influenza virus infects a person •Pandemic influenza: occurs when a Influenza (the flu) is an infection of the nose, throat, and lungs caused by influenza viruses. Download PDF Download PDF. Children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems are often most at risk. 2014). Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infection that is caused by two types of influenza virus (types A and B), which circulate in all parts of the world. , 2002). 3. The novel betacoronavirus B/Victoria: 28 influenza B/Victoria-lineage virus were antigenically characterized by HI, and all were well-recognized (reacting at titers that were within 4-fold of the homologous virus titer) by ferret antisera to cell-grown B/Austria/1359417/2021-like reference viruses representing the B/Victoria component for the cell- and recombinant-based influenza vaccines. People who have flu often feel some or all of these signs virus, including “drifted” H1N1 viruses and reassorted H2N2 and H3N2 viruses. Influenza viruses possess seven (influenza C) or eight (influenza A and B) genome segments composed of negative sense single-stranded RNA. PREVENT 6 Preventing seasonal influenza in the context of COVID-19 Good hand hygiene Respiratory etiquette Whenever avian influenza viruses are circulating in poultry, there is a risk for sporadic infection and small clusters of human cases due to exposure to infected poultry or contaminated environments. There are three distinct types of influenza viruses that infect humans: influenza Influenza (also known as “flu”) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. Vaccine Information Statements (VISs) are information sheets produced by the CDC that explain both the benefits and risks of a vaccine to Avian influenza (AI), often called "bird flu," is caused by the Type "A" influenza virus. Spread of influenza virus can occur among patients, HCP, and visitors; in addition, HCP may acquire influenza from persons in their household or community. Virus transmission occurs through a susceptible individual’s contact with aerosols or respiratory The influenza pandemic of 1918 was exceptional, resulting in the deaths of up to 50 million people worldwide, including an estimated 675,000 deaths in the United States (1, 2). Due to their distinct characteristics and limited impact as human pathogens, influenza C and D viruses are not Now, virus surveillance allows researchers to monitor influenza virus epidemic trends and to accumulate virus sequences in public databases, which leads to better selection of candidate viruses Influenza viruses comprise a family of four distinct viruses: influenza A, B, C and D viruses. Seasonal influenza (the flu) is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses. Types of Influenza Three types of influenza are important in public health •Seasonal influenza: caused by seasonal influenza viruses; causes annual epidemics in temperate climates, year-round activity in non-temperate climates •Zoonotic influenza: occurs when an animal influenza virus infects a person •Pandemic influenza: occurs when a Fundamental Elements to Prevent Influenza Virus Transmission. Influenza virus belongs to family Orthomyxoviridae, and has three types A, B and C. ! Influenza Disease • Influenza (the flu) is a respiratory illness caused primarily by influenza A and B viruses. La influenza es una enfermedad respiratoria causada por un virus de la familia Orthomyxoviridae, del cual existen tres tipos: A, B y C, siendo el A el de mayor relevancia para el hombre ya que afecta a humanos y animales y también, debido a su gran capacidad de mutación. Protocol add3 ed: One -step realtime RTPCR 4plex assay for the detection and subtyping of influenza A, B, H1pdm09 and H3 viruses (page 66) This document provides information on molecular detection/diagnostic protocols updated as of the above date for surveillance of influenza viruses in humans. Once the virus is within host cells, cellular dysfunction and degeneration occur. The latter are composed of key genes from the 1918 virus, updated by subsequently-incor-porated avian influenza genes that code for novel surface proteins, making the 1918 virus indeed the “mother” of all pandemics. COVID vaccine supplies are limited but increasing. Everyone 6 months and older in the United States, with rare exception, should get a flu vaccine every season. The IAV genome consists of eight single-stranded viral RNA segments contained in separate viral ribonucleo- The recent research findings on influenza A virus (IAV) genome biology prompted us to present a comprehensive overview of IAV genes, protein functions, and replication cycle. Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by a negative-strand RNA virus of the Orthomyxoviridae family. Disease Watch; Published: 25 July 2024; Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus outbreak in cattle: the knowns and unknowns Avian influenza A viruses are typically benign in Influenza viruses are members of the family Orthomyxoviridae and include influenza virus types A, B, and C. However, influenza virus testing can inform clinical management when the results may influence Influenza (Flu) What is influenza (flu) someone with the flu can't. Disease Watch; Published: 25 July 2024; Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus outbreak in cattle: the knowns and unknowns Avian influenza A viruses are typically benign in Of the four types of influenza viruses, A, B, C and D, all but D viruses infect humans. All strains are named starting with an A or B type (such as Influenza A H1N1 or Influenza Influenza and respiratory viruses A respiratory virus is an illness that infects the respiratory (breathing) system. Avian Influenza Weekly Update Number 970| 2 Currently, three antiviral drugs targeting the influenza virus surface glycoprotein neuraminidase are available for treatment and prophylaxis of disease. Clinical illness follows a short incubation period and presentation ranges from asymptomatic to fulminant, depending on the characteristics of both the virus and the individual host. During periods of community co-circulation of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2, empiric antiviral treatment of influenza is recommended as soon as possible for the following priority groups: a) hospitalized patients with respiratory illness; b) outpatients with severe, complicated, or progressive respiratory illness; Influenza A virus (IAV) is the only species of the genus Alphainfluenzavirus of the virus family Orthomyxoviridae. Dalam banyak kasus, influenza mungkin hanya menyebabkan gejala Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses. In recognition of the significant health threat posed by this disease, public health authorities in high- and low-income countries alike are increasingly prioritizing Influenza virus characterization: summary report, Europe, February 2023 Document number: WHO/EURO:2023-6189-45954-68789 1. The orthomyxoviruses (influenza viruses) constitute the genus Orthomyxovirus, which consists of three types (species): A, B, and C. Two types of influenza, A and B, routinely cause outbreaks in people. 2a. Who can get the flu? Anyone. There are a wide variety of different respiratory viruses, but the most well-known is influenza (commonly known as ‘flu’). Amplification by virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs or cell culture is typically required before HA activity can be detected from a clinical sample. Although infections from other viruses may have similar symptoms, symptoms caused by the influenza virus tend to be worse. pdf. WHO recommends annual seasonal influenza vaccination for five target groups (health workers, pregnant women, Influenza is an infectious respiratory disease that, in humans, is caused by influenza A and influenza B viruses. When worn by a person with an infection, masks reduce the spread of the virus to others. In Oceania, influenza detections were at a decline from seasonal activity at the start of the reporting period and continued to decline. A wide spectrum of influenza viruses causes it. An influenza virus with moderate homology to human influenza C viruses was isolated from swine in 2011 and has been proposed as a new genus of influenza virus named influenza D virus, and a new member of the family Orthomyxoviridae . org, OIE at scientific. PDF Book. Introduction. Getting sick with influenza also puts you at risk of other infections. However, the incidence of seasonal influenza was unusually low during the Influenza A virus causes seasonal epidemics, sporadic pandemics and is a significant global health burden. Getting a yearly flu vaccination is the best way to prevent flu and its potentially serious complications. org Keywords: influenza vaccine products for the 2024 2025 influenza season, easy to read chart the displays influenza vaccine products for the 2024 2025 influenza season, coding information for influenza vaccines for the 2024 2025 season, what vaccines are available for the 2024 2025 1 dose each flu season. However, severe illness can develop, which can result in hospitalization or death. In recognition of the significant health threat posed by this disease, public health authorities in high- and low-income countries alike are increasingly prioritizing Table 1 shows a summary of influenza virus detections in the WHO European Region reported to The European Surveillance System (TESSy) database during the 2021-2022 season (weeks 40/2021-30/2022), compared to the same period in the 2020-2021 season. Preview. 2, referred to as 2a. Nasal inoculation after hand contamination with the virus is an important mode of transmission Influenza causes widespread sporadic illness yearly during fall and winter in temperate climates (seasonal epidemics). Swine influenza can not only cause large economic losses for the pig industry but can also lead to epidemics or pandemics in the human population. To better defend against influenza viral infection, it is essential to understand its mechanisms and associated host responses. Infection by influenza virus A is most common and severe, generally found in humans. The influenza vaccine covers Flu A and B strains expected in each year’s flu •Influenza virus has been circulating during the COVID-19 pandemic, although at low levels so far •The evolution of seasonal influenza is 1018187/Weekly_Flu_and_COVID-19_report_w37. The nomenclature for influenza virus isolates includes the influenza virus type (A or B), host species (omitted if human in origin), geographical site, serial number, year of isolation and, lastly, the H and N variants in brackets. Influenza is an acute viral disease of the respiratory tract which is characterized by some or all of the following sign and symptoms: fever, headache, myalgia, prostration, coryza, sore-throat and cough []. However, the incidence of seasonal influenza was unusually low during the Four types of influenza virus have been identified in nature: influenza A, B, and C viruses are capable of infecting humans, and influenzas A and B cause annual epidemics (seasonal flu) in humans; however, influenza D is currently known to infect only pigs and cattle. These viruses cause influenza, an acute respiratory disease with prominent systemic symptoms. These viruses spread easily during the winter months and infect the nose, throat and lungs. Download . int . Most people recover without treatment. Definition: Influenza, or the Flu as it is often called, is a disease separate from colds, caused by a group of viruses called Influenza virus A or B which infect the nose, throat and lungs. Preventing transmission of influenza virus and other infectious agents within healthcare settings requires a multi-faceted approach. IEC on Seasonal FLU: for General Public (755 KB) State/UT – wise, Year-wise number of cases and deaths from 2018-2023 (New PDF) (433KB) State/UT – wise, Year-wise number of cases and deaths from 2010-2017 (946 KB) View All Flu Resource Center . Several of the AI virus subtypes, in particular H5, H7, and H9, have shown their ability to cross the species barrier and infect mammals, including swine and humans . Assembly and budding of progeny influenza virions is a complex, multi-step process that occurs in lip Influenza, or the flu, is a highly contagious and infectious respiratory disease. Analogous to the influenza virus predisposition to secondary bacterial pneumonia, influenza virus increases by 6-fold the progression to secondary bacterial sepsis . Symptoms range from mild to severe and often include fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pain, headache, coughing, and fatigue. 4%), A H3 (7. An example of a human isolate is A/Brisbane Test positivity rates for influenza viruses dropped by >95% during the acute phase of the pandemic (April 2020 to March 2021) compared with the pre-pandemic period. QR Code Links to Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) Translations: Influenza (Flu) Vaccine (Inactivated or Recombinant) Scan QR codes to access to translations of the Influenza (Flu) Vaccine (Inactivated or Recombinant) Vaccine Information Statement (VIS). Durante la semana del 9 al 15 de agosto del 2009, la revisión de los indicadores principales Influenza, or the flu, is a highly contagious and infectious respiratory disease. Most people with influenza have a and H3N2 influenza A viruses, as well as influenza B viruses — cause approximately 3–5 million severe cases and 290,000–650,000 deaths each year worldwide 1,2 . In addition to the mutations that arise due to antigenic drift, the HA and NA of influenza A viruses (IAVs) can exist in different forms. • Historically, influenza surveillance has focused on virological monitoring and collection of specimens to guide Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by a negative-strand RNA virus of the Orthomyxoviridae fam-ily. The influenza season usually begins in the fall and lasts into the spring. Each year a new flu vaccine is made to protect against three or four viruses that are likely to cause disease in the upcoming flu season. In severe cases, patients may experience respiratory failure, septic shock, or even life-threatening conditions [3, 4, 6]. Twitter Facebook Linked In Mail. 1 The flu is most severe in infants and the elderly. The rationale and methodology of the Global Influenza B Study has been described in detail elsewhere [14,23–24]. The first detection of the avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in humans in 1997, and its subsequent re-emergence in •Different respiratory viruses co-circulate, including seasonal influenza and are responsible for many acute infections and influenza-like illnesses •Each year, seasonal influenza affects individuals in every country and results in up to one billion cases, three to five million severe cases, and up to 650,000 respiratory-related deaths When animal influenza viruses infect their natural animal host, they are named for that host, as in avian influenza viruses, swine influenza viruses, equine influenza viruses, etc. The recommendations apply to persons with suspected or confirmed influenza virus infection with or at risk of severe illness (i. Anyone can get flu. There are many different influenza viruses that are constantly changing. Some of these viruses can infect humans, and some are specific to different species. 84Mb; November 2018 pdf, 1. Human influenza viruses cause annual epidemics (seasonal), which are highly contagious respiratory infections that can lead to severe illness and life-threatening complications in high-risk groups [Citation 1]. Disease Watch; Published: 25 July 2024; Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus outbreak in cattle: the knowns and unknowns Avian influenza A viruses are typically benign in Seasonal influenza viruses typically cause annual epidemics worldwide, infecting up to 35% of the human population 1,2. [1] It is a pathogen with strains that infect birds and some mammals, as well as causing seasonal flu in humans. It’s one of a group of viruses that cause highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), which has been found in more than 100 avian The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released emergency use instructions for the antiviral drug oseltamivir, which is sold as Tamiflu. Of the three types of influenza viruses, A, B, and Pneumonia due to influenza virus infection is a common cause of hospitalisation among children. El virus tiene múltiples glicoproteínas de superficie, pero son dos las más It is caused by influenza A and B viruses. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh virus influenza tipe A, B, dan C. Recent studies have shown that administering trivalent flu vaccines, either at higher dose or with an adjuvant to increase immunogenicity, improves vaccine efficacy in people aged 65 or more. g. Emergency Preparedness This update applies to patients with seasonal influenza viruses, pandemic influenza viruses The Flu SC2 Multiplex Assay is selective for the matrix (M) gene segment of the influenza A virus, the nonstructural (NS) gene segment of the influenza B virus, and the human ribonuclease P/MRP subunit P30 gene; the Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infection that is caused by two types of influenza virus (types A and B), which circulate in all parts of the world. Meski kerap disamakan dengan flu biasa, influenza memiliki sejumlah karakteristik yang membedakannya. Flu is caused by influenza viruses only, whereas the common cold can be caused by a number of different viruses, including rhinoviruses, parainfluenza, and seasonal coronaviruses. 2014; Reich et al. Seasonal coronaviruses should not be confused with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Each year In serious cases, the flu can lead to health complications such as pneumonia, strokes, and heart attacks, which can be deadly. 5,13-15 Other benefits include reduced hospitalisation for influenza and its complications, and reduced influenza-related deaths. Seasonal influenza virus circulation declined markedly in 2020-21 after SARS-CoV-2 emerged but increased in 2021-22. Influenza virus infection causes a wide spectrum of illness, from asymptomatic to severe. Uncomplicated influenza signs and symptoms typically Commonly known as “the flu”, influenza is an infection that can be caused by several types of influenza viruses. Learn about flu, including symptoms, prevention methods, and treatment Influenza viruses can be detected in most infected people beginning one day before symptoms develop and up to five to seven days after becoming sick. To protect your health and prevent the spread of the virus: Getting your seasonal flu shot will lower the risk of getting human and avian influenza at the same time, and help prevent the development of new viruses. These types differ in various aspects, the most important of which include antigenicity, host range, pathogenicity, Influenza viruses continually circulate in animals, and at times, these viruses gain the ability to spill over and infect humans. WHO Team. • Influenza shots can be given to children 6 months and older. • While most people recover within 7 to 10 days, severe illness can occur. Flus can be life-threatening. Occasionally, a new human influenza virus strain would arise Influenza A, B and C viruses (page 64) • Annex 4. Flu vaccination has been shown to have many benefits including reducing the risk of flu illnesses, hospitalizations and even the Influenza symptoms can include fever, headache, muscle pain, runny nose, sore throat, extreme tiredness and cough. A collection of materials and tools to help educate and inform the public about However, influenza viruses, being enveloped, are generally less stable than the nonenveloped viruses used in previous studies, showcasing this limitation . Respiratory viruses can affect any age group, but they can lead to further illness in children, the Influenza viruses are thought to spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk. There are many flu viruses, and they are always changing. 4%) as influenza B. edu Influenza (flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by a virus. , global epidemics of flu disease). Seasonal influenza Seasonal influenza is a preventable infectious disease with mostly respiratory symptoms. cornell. Our journal has a broad readership of laboratory and clinical scientists, public health professionals, and other international industry professionals. Very rarely, highly pathogenic influenza viruses can induce a severe, generalised viral disease with a high fatality rate in cats . Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are responsible for a sharp increase in the number of outbreaks of this disease in poultry and other birds in recent years. A pandemic can occur when a new and different influenza A virus emerges that infects people, has the ability to spread efficiently among people, and against which people have little or no immunity. Indonesia, the largest nation in Southeast Asia, is of particular importance for influenza surveillance, as it is endemic for highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 in birds [3,4,5], and has the second highest cumulative The Global Influenza B Study. Participating countries were classified as located in the Northern Download PDF. As in other viral infections, systemic symptoms such Currently, three antiviral drugs targeting the influenza virus surface glycoprotein neuraminidase are available for treatment and prophylaxis of disease. It is common in all parts of the world. Few vaccine production systems have been developed that can Currently, three antiviral drugs targeting the influenza virus surface glycoprotein neuraminidase are available for treatment and prophylaxis of disease. Influenza Vaccines, Age Indications, Dosage and Administration, and Contraindications and Precautions . Global Consortium Influenza causes widespread sporadic illness yearly during fall and winter in temperate climates (seasonal epidemics). 73Mb; July 2017 pdf, 1. The epizootic has led to unprecedented numbers of deaths in When animal influenza viruses infect their natural animal host, they are named for that host, as in avian influenza viruses, swine influenza viruses, equine influenza viruses, etc. dept@oie. , mental status changes). Both types can cause mild to severe illness in all age groups. Wearing a mask is an additional prevention strategy that you can choose to do to further protect yourself and others. 2024–2025 season will contain the following: In 2014, crystal structure of vRNA promoter-bound influenza RdRP complex was determined using bat-derived H17N10 influenza virus and influenza B virus (Pflug et al. Influenza A virus causes seasonal epidemics, sporadic pandemics and is a significant global health burden. Only influenza A viruses cause influenza in birds. Flu viruses cause illness, hospital stays and deaths in the United States each year. It can cause mild to severe illness and at times can lead to death. Influenza A(H7N9) Real-time RT-PCR protocol for the detection of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus, provided by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research in Beijing, China pdf, 101kb 8 April 2013 (updated on 15 April) View previous updates. recent influenza A(H5N1) viruses 23 April 2024 Background During 2020, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) clade 2. These include viral or bacterial pneumonia which affect the lungs. Influenza A subtypes and B viruses are further classified by strains. The flu illness is caused Influenza is a viral respiratory disease of global importance; indeed, many experts believe that an influenza pandemic is the greatest threat to global public health. Commercially available milk undergoes pasteurization and homogenization processes. These viruses are novel to humans and have the potential to cause a pandemic. We provide an overview of the pathogenic characteristics An influenza virus with moderate homology to human influenza C viruses was isolated from swine in 2011 and has been proposed as a new genus of influenza virus named influenza D virus, and a new member of the family Orthomyxoviridae . Influenza A, B and C viruses (page 64) • Annex 4. [2] Mammals in which different strains of IAV circulate with sustained transmission are bats, pigs, horses and dogs; other mammals can occasionally The 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus (hereafter referred to as influenza A(H1N1)pdm09) which appeared for the first time in 2009 causing a global influenza pandemic, is now a seasonal influenza virus that co-circulates with other seasonal viruses (namely influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B viruses). How is Influenza spread? Influenza spreads Influenza virus testing is not required to make a clinical diagnosis of influenza in outpatients with suspected influenza, particularly during increased influenza activity when seasonal influenza A and B viruses are circulating in the local community. Immune responses to natural Furthermore, laboratory experiments using recombinant influenza viruses containing genes from the 1918 virus suggest that the 1918 and 1918-like viruses would be as sensitive to the Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-influenza drugs rimantadine and oseltamivir as other virus strains (Tumpey et al. June 20, 2024. Symptoms can begin about one to four days (on average two days) after a person is first exposed to the influenza virus. That’s why there is a new flu shot made every year to protect against the circulating virus strains. One study reported that > 10,000 children around the world aged ≤ 5 years die from influenza virus-associated pneumonia annually, with most being The Asia-Pacific region plays a key role in the emergence of novel influenza viruses, as well as global transmission of seasonal influenza viruses [1, 2]. 5 MB) Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are negative sense RNA viruses posing a major threat to the poultry industry worldwide, with the potential to spread to mammals, including humans; hence, an accurate . What are the symptoms? Flu symptoms include 1. pbcho cfars uyj qqbmyu oqnlifi zrpyc zfevwza nvg nusojw qsr