Thermodynamics lecture notes ppt They were last updated in May 2012. An introduction to Thermodynamics / YVC Rao / New Age 4. 14. Readings. Introduction To Algorithms Cormen PPT. Mukhtar Fatihu Hamza 56. 1) 1 Lecture 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics (Ch. Simple processes; Processes involving liquids and ideal gases;. 4) From the first law of thermodynamics, the change in internal energy (Δ Read less First Law of Thermodynamics You will recall from Chapter 5 that energy cannot be created or destroyed. And Text is written by the help of Physics Teacher lecture and by their given notes of This subject provides an introduction to fluid mechanics. (1) 1 Biological thermodynamics is the quantitative study of the energy transductions that occur in or between Statistical Methods and Thermodynamics Chem 472: Lecture Notes Prof. 43 MIT-OCW webpages. After the first three chapters, which refer to key concepts (first and second This document provides an introduction to fundamental concepts in thermodynamics. 123 kB Two-Component Phase Equilibria II: Ideal and Non-Ideal Solutions Download File DOWNLOAD. -1. Kim, Autumn 2008, ⓒmanykim@chonbuk. Batista Zoom: Meeting ID: 943 8610 8716, Passcode: victor SCL 21 - Tuesday and Thursday 11:35 – 12:50 am Yale University - Department of Chemistry 1. Reading for Thermodynamics Lecture 11: The notes and questions for PPT: Thermodynamics have been prepared according to the NEET exam syllabus. 205, which is typically taught in a six-week period in the second half of the semester. The zeroth law of Thermodynamics 2. Thursday 1/23 = TEST Friday, 1/24 = Raytheon. 6MB) 12 Solar Photovoltaics (PDF - 3. 1. Course. tex file, 9 . Turn on screen reader support To enable screen reader support, press Ctrl+Alt+Z To learn about keyboard shortcuts, press Ctrl+slash 17. 7MB) 13 [Lecture cancelled] 14 [Lecture Chapter 5 Thermodynamics Class 11 Notes lets you quickly access and review the chapter content. Renewable Energy Thermodynamics Lecture Slides - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Basic Definitions. VANDERWAALS on December 12, 1910; • Download as PPT, PDF • 28 likes • 23,712 views. 7) Advanced Thermodynamics Note 5 Thermodynamic Properties of Fluids. . Study Material. The connection between weight (W) and entropy (S) is given by Boltzmanns Formula ; S k lnW Lecture 07: Use of Computer as Means of Learning Thermodynamics; Lecture 08: Properties of Pure Substances (Contd. BASIC THERMODYNAMICS 1. A system is anything being analyzed, separated from its These lecture notes are intended for students who already have some notions in ther-modynamics. 1 CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION TO THERMODYNAMICS 1. w = F*d, F = P*A, d=Δh w = -P*AΔh= -PΔV Negative because an increase in Volume means that the system is doing work on the surroundings. P. March 2018; Authors: Hasan Maridi. Lecture 2. e: submarines). 179 kB Applications: Chemical and Phase Equilibria notes It defines systems, surroundings, boundaries, properties, states, paths, processes, cycles, and equilibrium. Yosi Avron]: 0th Law: You have to play the game. Boles 2 The second law of thermodynamics states that processes occur in a certain direction, not in just any direction. 1st Law of thermodynamics. Course Info Instructors Prof. Introduction To Thermodynamics It is the science of Relation between HEAT ,WORK,& properties of Systems. In this lecture, we shall talk about chemical thermodynamics, and shall attempt a bond-graphic interpretation thereof. Vedantu's notes offer a focused, student-friendly approach, setting them apart from other Lecture 15 first law of thermodynamics • Download as PPT, PDF Note that WE < 0 V V B D CW ⇔ W > 0 CCW ⇔ W < 0 11. It includes: 1. Moreover the Carnot engine can be built to run quietly and without an air supply, for air- independent operation (i. Free energy and equilibria. 8. The notes are from the Fall 2015 offering of CH E 220, Penn State’s first course in chemical engineering thermodynamics. Title: Lecture 7: The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics 1 Lecture 7 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics. Advanced Thermodynamics Note 4 The Second Law of Thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics states that it is impossible to convert all heat into work in a cyclic process or to transfer heat from a colder to a hotter body without a net change occurring elsewhere. e. 13 Views. Carnot Cycle – Review Reversible work done at the moving boundary : Ideal gas : and Assuming no changes in KE and PE : Let’s integrate the above equation : ① 5. It works, but it’s hard to explain why without appealing to 2 Lecture Schedule Time: 12:30 pm – 01:45 pm (Mon, Wed) Class Room Download ppt "Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics (CHPE208) – Chapter 0" Read/Study: Chapter 6 in e-Textbook! Learn Key. " Similar presentations . 6 Historical Background Kinetic theory: Treats molecules as tiny balls that are in motion and thus possess kinetic energy. Preprints and early-stage research may not have been peer reviewed yet. The main emphasis is placed on precise and logical presentation of the basic concepts and principles, which are essential for the better understanding of engineering thermodynamics. The full set of lecture notes come in around 240 pages and can be downloaded here. theaters Lecture Videos. Chapter 3 The First Law of Thermodynamics 3 Energy conservation principle (first law of thermodynamics): Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only change forms 3 Energy conservation on a system undergoing a cycle: during any cycle a system undergoes, the cyclic integral of the heat is proportional to the cyclic integral of the work. k,. Whatever “macroscopic” part of the Universe we select for study. PAL #6 First Law. O. • statistical mechanics: relates the molecular (microscopic) This textbook introduces thermodynamics using a unique and novel approach. Çengel and Michael A. Introduction to Chemical Thermodynamics D. First,considertheBoltzmannentropy,de 17 1st Law of Thermodynamics The total increase in the thermal energy of a system is the sum of the work done on it and the heat added to it. Please note that there were no lecture notes for session #36. ppt - Study Material. Applications of the PROCESS ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS (CHEM ENG 2011) PROCESS ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS (CHEM ENG 2011) Expansion &amp; Compression Work. Of particular practical relevance is the investigation of quantum thermal machines: Machines that use the flow of heat in order to perform some In book: Power Plant Lecture Notes (pp. 5 Pa W = P D V = (P) (V f -V i ) Sign of work? The Second Law of Thermodynamics. More Info Syllabus Lecture Notes Readings Exams Video Lectures Lecture notes on two-component phase equilibria, ideal solutions, and non-ideal solutions. 20. These lecture notes provide a introduction to fluid mechanics, aimed at undergraduates. 1 Lecture 2. ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS What is Thermodynamics? Thermodynamics is a science dealing with Energy and its transformation and its effect on the physical properties of substances. 2MB) 9 Fuel Cells at Finite Current (PDF - 1. Chapter 6. Lecture 11 : Heat and Work : Representative Problems; Thermodynamics II - Download as a PDF or view online for free. 5. 4M: Module Name Download Description Download Size; Chapter 2: Volumetric Properties of Real Fluids: Chapter 6 : Solution Thermodynamics and Principles of Phase Equilibria: Assignment of chapter-6: Assignment of chapter-6: 33: Chapter 7 : Vapour-Liquid Equilibria: Lecture Outlines Ian A. Chapter 15 Thermodynamics. Internal energy of a substance is the total kinetic energy 50658252 Thermodynamics Ppt Notes - Free download as PDF File (. Thermodynamics: Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the concepts of heat and temperature and the inter-conversion of heat and other forms of energy. Lecture 3. That is the Kelvin scale, and the temperatures on this scale are called absolute temperatures. Victor S. Notes on finding thermodyanmic properties. pdf), Text File (. Chapter 9 2) Enthalpy change (ΔH) is defined as the change in internal energy (ΔU) plus the product of pressure (P) and change in volume (ΔV). Entropy. P. We already saw in Section 1 that the infinitesimal work done on a The 3rd Law of Thermodynamics. It deals with equilibrium and feasibility of a process. 150 kB Thermodynamics Download File DOWNLOAD. The Second Law. • Main aim is to convert disorganized form of energy into organized form of energy in an efficient manner. The First Law Applied to Engineering Cycles. Thermodynamics & energy The name thermodynamics stems from the Greek words therme (heat) and dynamis (power). Lecture 4. For a comprehensive study experience, check out the Class 11 Chemistry Revision Notes FREE PDF here and refer to the CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Syllabus for detailed coverage. It originated with studies of steam engines in the 17th-18th centuries. Browse Course Material Syllabus Instructor Insights Unit I : THE ATOM Lecture Notes. 3 The experience summarized by the Zeroth Law of thermodynamics: if an object A is in thermal equilibrium with B and B is in thermal equilibrium with C, then C is in thermal equilibrium with A. Fugacity of Non-Ideal Mixtures (SVNA 11. Krishna Rajagopal. (ie) pressure, temp, density, volume, Energy, specific volume Intensive property - One whose value does not depend on the mass of the Title: Lecture 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics (Ch. 4. Man Y. The Second Law of Thermodynamics. a reaction vessel, an engine, an electric cell. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for PPT: Thermodynamics. Lecture 18: Phase equilibria — one component notes Lecture Notes. , molecular) properties of matter and its macroscopic (i. The First Law of Thermodynamics. Chapter 13 The notes and questions for PPT: Thermodynamics have been prepared according to the NEET exam syllabus. Students also viewed. Chapter 12. 20 The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale: A temperature scale that is independent of the properties of the substances that are used to measure temperature is called a thermodynamic temperature scale. The figures cover basic concepts in thermodynamics including systems and boundaries, processes, forms 8. However, these masses also carry volume and heat. NOC:Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics (Video) Syllabus; Co-ordinated by : IIT Guwahati; Available from : 2018-11-20; Lec : 1; Modules / Lectures. 0 - Thermal Equilibrium Thermal Equilibrium is the state at which two objects in an isolated environment gain the same temperature after the process of heat transfer from the body containing more heat (TB) to the other (TA). This document outlines the course structure, reference books, and content for a fundamentals of thermodynamics course. Individual chapters and problem sets can also be found below. Lecture 2: Scope and Use of Thermodynamics (PDF) Lecture 2: Scope and Use of Thermodynamics (ZIP) This file contains: 1 . Full syllabus notes, lecture and questions for PPT: I. LEC # Topics 1 Introduction and Course Description 2 Course Survey 3 Mathematics of Thermodynamics 22 Mathematical Relations and Changing Variables 23 Mathematics and Stability 24 Implications ÐÏ à¡± á> þÿ ç é þÿÿÿÏ Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö × Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß à á â ã è Lecture Notes. This course is designed for undergraduate engineering students, interested in learning the fundamental aspects of engineering thermodynamics. Objectives • Identify the unique vocabulary associated with thermodynamics through the precise definition of basic concepts to form a sound foundation for the development of the principles of thermodynamics. The document discusses basic concepts of thermodynamics including definitions of system, surroundings, properties of systems, and the four laws of thermodynamics. It also covers temperature, energy, and concepts such as state, process, David Tong: Lectures on Statistical Physics. Copied to clipboard S. Heat: The energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Full lecture notes come in around 190 pages. Power point presentation from March 25. Course Notes. • From the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, three speed expressions can be derived: the most probable speed, the average speed, and the root- mean-square speed. This document provides an introduction to key concepts in thermodynamics, including: 1) Dimensions, units, and the SI system of units which are divided into base, derived, and supplementary units. 4 Carnot’s Perfect Heat Engine: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated; 15. Chapter 7. Chapter 10. To open the homepage, click on the index. ac. Module-I: (10 Hours) Dilute Solutions: Vapour Pressure, Raoult’s Law, and Thermodynamic Derivation of Laws Relating to Elevation of Boiling Point, Depression of Freezing Point and Osmotic Pressure. Entropy and Statistical Thermodynamics. Download ppt "Physics 101 Lecture 11. Thermal energy and temperature, which is a measure of hotness or coldness. 1 THERMODYNAMICS: It is the subject which dealing with the relation between heat and motion. 1MB) 8 Electrochemical Thermodynamics (PDF - 2. Baljeet Kaur Lecturer Chemistry Government Polytechnic College for Girls Patiala. • Download as PPT, PDF • 5 likes • 8,137 views. More Info Syllabus Calendar Instructor Insights Readings Lecture Notes CI-M Assignments Supplemental Videos Lecture 16 Notes - Partial Molar Properties. Thermodynamics considers macroscopic properties of systems and describes Lecture 1_ Introduction & Basic Concepts. Introduction and Inviscid Flows: PDF Full syllabus notes, lecture and questions for PPT: Thermodynamic Cycles - Thermodynamics - Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering - Plus excerises question with solution to help you revise complete syllabus for Thermodynamics - Best notes, free PDF download The Second Law of Thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics states that processes occur in a certain direction, not in just any direction. It has applications in engines and power generation. Boles. Thermodynamics is the branch of Physics that deals with the conversion of heat into other forms of energy, or other forms of energy into. 9 Polymer Synthesis • There are two major classes of polymer formation mechanisms – Addition polymerization: The polymer grows by sequential addition of monomers to a reactive site • Chain growth is linear • Maximum molecular weight is obtained early in the reaction – Step-Growth polymerization: Monomers react together to make small oligomers. A Carnot engine uses a single-phase working fluid thus for a properly designed system the risk of explosion is low. Computer Networks PPT PDF SLIDES. Thermodynamics applies to a wide variety of topics in science and Description: This is the first of four lectures on Thermodynamics. 14 - Video timestamp; Back to the main course index page to see more lectures and direct links to the 2. The list of topics is a This free course contains Engineering Thermodynamics Lecture Notes, Question papers, PPT, MCQ, Videos ME 370 – Thermodynamics – Larry Caretto Spring 2003. Contact information. This is an introductory course on Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics given to final year undergraduates. 32 1-30 Chapter Summary An important application area of thermodynamics is the biological system. For instance the volume, pressure and temperature of a system defines a certain state of that Lecture Notes. osang0908 Follow. ΔU = W + Q ΔU Download ppt "Heat, Temperature, & Thermodynamics" Similar presentations . theaters Demonstration Videos. My intention was to introduce the subject of black hole thermodynamics starting at the beginning, at a level suitable for anyone with a passing acquaintance with general relativity and quantum fleld theory. 1 — ‘Thermodynamical system’ (or ‘system’). ppt), PDF File (. 3 Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency; 15. Shaha Shraddha. It provides a means of calculating thermodynamic properties from the statistical relationship between temperature and energy. Chapter 3. Background to the Second Law of Thermodynamics. 19. LECTURES: Lecture 1 : in . Caloric theory: Heat is a fluidlike substance called the caloric that is a massless, colorless, odorless, and tasteless substance that can be poured from one body into This subject deals with both chemical thermodynamics and chemical kinetics. simonandisa Follow. The thermodynamics segment of 3. Models are a simplified, empirical Thermodynamics deals with heat, work, and their relation to changes in a system's energy and properties. ng ngggggggggggggggggggggggggg; New Brassica oilseed crops; Thermodynamics 2ppt - Lecture notes 2. 5. The first law of thermodynamics tells about the conservation of energy and introduces the concept of internal energy. Chapter 1. The most probable speed is the maximum value on the distribution plot. THE THIRD LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS Introduction: Nernst work on heat theorem and electrochemistry has a very great impact on the physical science. Single component systems. Description. Definition 2. Simple processes; Processes involving liquids and ideal gases; Title: Chapter 6: The Second Law of Thermodynamics 1 Chapter 6 The Second Law of Thermodynamics Study Guide in PowerPointto accompanyThermodynamics An Engineering Approach, 5th editionby Yunus A. ΔH = ΔU + PΔV 3) For a reaction at constant pressure, the volume change (ΔV) is small and pressure remains constant. 5, 2. 4) Although we introduced the first law as applying to all types of work, from now on the discussion is simplest if we just restrict to a single method to applying work to a system: squeezing. According to the kinetic theory of gases, it is a measure of the average 19. Lecture 1: State of a system, 0th law, equation of state notes Lecture Notes. In a lecture he delivered at oxford in 1937, he said that it had taker three people to formulate the first law of thermodynamics, two for the second law, This subject provides an introduction to fluid mechanics. • quantum chemistry: quantum mechanics applied to atomic structure, molecular bonding and spectroscopy. Lecture 1: Introduction to Statistical Physics (PDF) Lecture 2: Calculus, Probability, and Combinatorics (PDF) Lecture 3: Entropy from Information (PDF) Lecture 4: Laws of Thermodynamics (PDF) Lecture 5: Free Energy and Order Parameters (PDF) Lecture 6: Boltzmann Distribution and Partition Function (PDF) Download ppt "SOLUTION THERMODYNAMICS:" Similar presentations . 8 Views. Determine : (a) The thermal efficiency of this Carnot engine (b) The amount of heat rejected to the low-temperature heat Lecture notes on statistical thermodynamics, calculation of macroscopic thermodynamic results, ideal gas mixtures, ideal liquid mixtures, energy, and entropy changes. Lecture Notes on Thermodynamics Éric Brunet1, Thierry Hocquet2, Xavier Leyronas3 February13,2019 These lecture notes are intended for students who already have some notions in ther-modynamics. tex file, 4 . 720 views • 27 slides. Jun 16, 2021. CHAPTER 2 PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCE. Notes of XI Science, Chemistry ppt on THERMODYNAMICS. Waitz THERMODYNAMICS: COURSE INTRODUCTION Course Learning Objectives: To be able to use the First Law of Thermodynamics to estimate the potential for thermo-mechanical energy conversion in aerospace power and propulsion systems. ) Lecture 09: Properties of Pure Substances Spring - Piston Problem; Lecture 10: Heat and Work; WEEK 3. Definition of Thermodynamics It is the branch of physical science that deals with the relations between heat and other forms of energy (such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy), and, by extension, of the relationships between all forms of energy. Over 2,500 LECTURE NOTES . 205 Views. There are various instruments for Lecture 1_ Introduction & Basic Concepts. 112 kB Colligative Properties The theory of quantum thermodynamics investigates how the concepts of heat, work, and temperature can be carried over to the quantum realm, where fluctuations and randomness are fundamentally unavoidable. 2 Second Law of Thermodynamics Two equivalent statements of the Second Law 1) "It is impossible for the system to operate in such a way that sole result is the transfer of heat from a cold to a hot object. Scope of Thermodynamics is the study of energy, heat, work, and their transformation between states. Lecture Notes on Thermodynamics 2008 Chapter 7 Entropy Prof. Lecture 07: Use of Computer as Means of Learning Thermodynamics; Lecture 08: Properties of Pure Substances (Contd. Oct 13, 2021. 5, 10. 3. Intro Video; Introduction, First Law. HTML Version of Full Lecture Notes: Thermodynamics Notes (html)** Index of Chapters: 1. Lecture 16; Lecture 17; Lecture 18; Lecture 19; Lecture 20 ; Lecture 21 ; Lecture 22 ; Lecture 23 ; Lecture 24 ; Lecture 25 ; Lecture 26 . 1-1. • Explain the basic concepts of thermodynamics such as Basic Thermodynamics (Web) Syllabus; Co-ordinated by : IISc Bangalore; Available from : 2009-12-31. These notes are based on flve lectures given at the University of Utrecht in early 1996. Psychrometry ppt - Lecture notes 1-10. Heat is defined and expressed by the Kinetic Molecular Theory of heat. q The work done by the gas as the piston face moves from x 1 to x 2 is given by. Vib 2016-1. In the previous lecture, we only considered the mass flows associated with chemical reaction systems. Conservation of energy principle: During an interaction, energy can change from one form to another but the total Introduction • Thermodynamics is science of energy transfer and its effects on properties. PDF Content . Thermodynamics of Reacting System - I: PDF unavailable: 28: Thermodynamics of Reacting System-II: PDF unavailable: 29: Thermodynamics of Reacting System-III: PDF unavailable: 30: Thermodynamics of Multi Component System-I: PDF unavailable: 31: Thermodynamics of Multi Component System-II: PDF unavailable: 32: Thermodynamics of Multi Component Title: Second Law of Thermodynamics. 4. 7. ÐÏ à¡± á> þÿ ç é þÿÿÿÏ Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö × Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß à á â ã è 25. html file. 978-007-132511-0 (4th edition paperback) ISBN: 978-981-472095-3 (5th edition paperback) Required Tex t NOTE: The module has written using the 3rd edition, 4th/5th edition can also be used 7. Determine : (a) The thermal efficiency of this Carnot engine (b) The amount of heat rejected to the low-temperature heat Download ppt "Lecture 1, Thermodynamic Properties" Thermodynamics. Physics 102 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 7. - Energy transfer occurs through heat, work, and for open systems, mass flow. Full syllabus notes, lecture and questions for PPT: First Law of Thermodynamics - Thermodynamics - Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering - Plus excerises question with solution to help you revise complete syllabus for Thermodynamics - 1. 5 Applications of Thermodynamics: Heat Pumps and Refrigerators 1 CHAPTER Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics. Thermodynamics property Property - It is defined as any measurable or observable characteristics of the substance when the system remains in equilibrium state. Chemistry. 1) Lecture 1 - we introduced macroscopic parameters that describe the state of a thermodynamic system (including temperature), the equation of state f (P,V,T) 0, and linked the internal energy of the ideal gas to its temperature. The course assessments which include a mid-semester exam, end-semester exam, quizzes and assignments, and 1 CHAPTER Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics. Starting with four fundamental physical facts (the atomic nature of matter, the indistinguishability of atoms and molecules of the same species, the uncertainty principle, and the existence of equilibrium states), the behavior of complex systems is analyzed with the tools of information theory, specifically Introduction • Thermodynamics is science of energy transfer and its effects on properties. Defining Question: What are the principal modes that contribute to the entropy of a diatomic gas? Translational? Rotational? Vibrational? Electronic? Reading for Today’s Lecture: McQuarrie & Simon, Chapter 20. " (Clausius Statement) 2) "It is impossible for a system Chapter 3-6 The rate of heat transfer by convection Q conv is determined from Newton's law of cooling, expressed as QhATT conv s f=− here Q conv = heat transfer rate (W) A = heat transfer area (m2) h = convective heat transfer coefficient (W/m2⋅K) Ts = surface temperature (K) Tf = bulk fluid temperature away from the surface (K) The convective heat transfer coefficient is an This session is the second of three lectures on thermodynamics and focuses on Gibbs free energy and entropy . Thermodynamics considers macroscopic properties of systems and describes This free course contains Concepts of Thermodynamics Lecture Notes, Question papers, PPT, MCQ, Videos 3. The quality is zero for the saturated liquid and one for the saturated vapor (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) For example, Chapter 2BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS Lecture slides by Mehmet Kanoğlu. Soeachoneseparatelyhas1 T 1 =@S 1 @E 1 and1 T 2 =@S 1 @E Thermodynamics - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Measuring temperature through a number of instruments is Thermodynamics 2ppt - Lecture notes 2. See the Complete Analytical Index of the Course with Hyperlinks to All Videos Statistical Thermodynamics Statistical thermodynamics provides the link between the microscopic (i. Copied to David Tong: Lectures on Fluid Mechanics. 7 Thermodynamics class-11th Title: Chemical Thermodynamics I 1 Chemical Thermodynamics I. 7. 254 kB Lecture 2 Notes - Scope and Use of Thermodynamics. Course Contents & Books: Engineering Thermodynamics; Introduction to Engineering Thermodynamics; The Birth of Engineering Thermodynamics; Basic Concepts in Engineering Thermodynamics; History of Thermodynamics; Nobel Lecture by JOHANNES D. Most diets are based on the simple energy balance: the net energy gained by a person in the form of fat is equal to the difference between the energy intake from food and the energy expended by exercise. C. • Based on the macroscopic approach which does not require knowledge of behavior of individual particles and is called classical thermodynamics. 6, 2. After the first three chapters, which refer to key concepts (first and second ThermoDynamics Lecture Notes. Clayton [email protected] Address: 46748 Colby Thermodynamics PPT uploaded by Lecture Notes Introduction to Engineering Thermodynamics ( FST 204). Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UiTM 14 MEC 451 – THERMODYNAMICS Quality When a substance exists as part liquid and part vapor at saturation conditions, its quality (x) is defined as the ratio of the mass of the vapor to the total mass of both vapor and liquid. multiple choice; Solved questions CHO3-CHO5; Hoist Temperature & the Laws of ThermodynamicsLecture Notes. physical chemistry branches • thermodynamics: macroscopic science that studies the interrelationships of the varios equilibrium properties of a system and their changes in processes. First law of thermodynamics If heat is absorbed by a system, Q>0 ΔU > 0 If heat is released by a system, Q<0 ΔU < 0 W>0 ΔU < 0 If work is done on the gas (compression), W < 0 ΔU > 0 If work is done by the gas Introduction to Engineering Thermodynamics ( FST 204) Introduction to Engineering Thermodynamics ( FST 204). ME 370 – Thermodynamics – Larry Caretto Spring 2003. Power point presentation from April 1. M. Contents 1 Syllabus 6 2 Introduction 8 3 Pure States 8 8. Entropy provides a quantitative measure of disorder or These lecture notes cover the kinetics segment of 3. The connection between weight (W) and entropy (S) is given by Boltzmanns Formula ; S k lnW Download link is provided for Students to download the Anna University ME3391 Engineering Thermodynamics Syllabus Question Bank Lecture Notes Part A 2 marks with answers & Part B 16 marks Question Bank with answer, Anna University Question Paper Collection, All the materials are listed below for the students to make use of it and get good (maximum) marks with our The document discusses key concepts of the first law of thermodynamics including: - Energy can change forms but is conserved, neither created nor destroyed. Email. 6 and 11. Monalisa Mohapatra Subject Code: CH-211 3rd Semester 5 yr Int. Lecture Notes on Thermodynamics 2008 Chapter 10 Steam Power Cycles Prof. After the first three chapters, which refer to key concepts (first and second An Introduction to Thermodynamics , Y. Lecture Note. Ideal Gas Law. Information about PPT: Thermodynamics covers topics like and PPT: Thermodynamics Example, for NEET 2024 Exam. g. 3M: Module Name Download PTT 201/4THERMODYNAMICS SEM 1 (2012/2013) Chapter 1: Introduction to Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics. 31)(300)/(2) = 1246. The University of Manchester; Download file PDF Read file. NOTES-Chapter 12 Thermal Energy. , water and ice density density 6. This document appears to be a collection of figures from Chapter 1 of the textbook "Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach" by Yunus A. , bulk) properties. ” Zeroth’s law is introduced and explained. Mete Cantekin Follow. It explains heat, work, temperature, and the different mechanisms of This document discusses key concepts in thermodynamics including: - Thermodynamics is the science concerned with energy storage and transformations within a Advanced Thermodynamics. Thermodynamics is the machinery for describing the macroscopic viewpoint: entropy, temperature, magnetization and relations Thermodynamics & Kinetics. ppt / . 174 kB Statistical Lecture 1 Thermodynamics of Combustion Systems 1. More Info Syllabus Calendar Instructor Insights Lecture Slides Lecture Videos Homework Assignment notes Lecture Notes. -- Thermodynamics 1 -- 1 -- 1st Year Thermodynamic Lectures Dr Mark R. Although the approach Lecture 1 Laws of Thermodynamics • Thermodynamic state - equilibrium • Thermodynamic processes • Laws of thermodynamics • Absolute Temperature • Problems 2. How Does Toppers LectureNotes Works: Applied thermodynamics PPT Toppers lecturenotes organized at single place Which is shared by Applied thermodynamics Subject Teachers and students You can access your material any time any where. Heat Vs Temperature 4 Temperature is NOT heat! 4 Heat is energy (kinetic energy of atoms and molecules) 4 Temperature is the level of. First law of thermodynamics If heat is absorbed by a system, Q>0 ΔU > 0 If heat is released by a system, Q<0 ΔU < 0 W>0 ΔU < 0 If work is done on the gas (compression), W < 0 ΔU > 0 If work is done by the gas Thermodynamics II Lecture Slides. Development of metallurgical Thermodynamic occurs due to the application of chemical thermodynamics to the metals & materials which later on known as Thermodynamics of Title: Second Law of Thermodynamics. • It is impossible to convert heat into work without compensation Statement of II law of thermodynamics : Statement I: • It is impossible to transfer heat from a cooler body to a hotter body without external agency Statement II : • The energy of the universe remains constant and the entropy of the BASIC THERMODYNAMICS BTECH 1 LECTURE NOTES - Free download as PDF File (. Chapter 4. 1 Thermodynamical systems Before we embark on deriving the laws of thermodynamics, it is necessary to define the main vocabulary we will be using throughout these lectures. V 2. Rao Thermodynamics , Y. Whenthesystemsareisolated,theyareeachintheir ownequilibrium. Reading Zumdahl 10. The material that will be covered in this subject is intended to provide you with the tools and understanding to handle basic problems involving chemical systems at equilibrium and rates of simple chemical reactions. 1 Likes. 1 Some Properties of Engineering Cycles; Work and Efficiency As motivation for the development of the second law, we examine two types of processes that This package contains the same content as the online version of the course, except for the audio/video materials, which can be downloaded using the links below. Wormald Basic chemical thermodynamics :- Lecture 1. Zeroth law of thermodynamics deals with thermal equilibrium and provides a means of measuring temperature. Engineering Thermodynamics – K. R. Thermodynamic state - equilibrium • Thermodynamic intensive coordinates are uniform across the whole system (T, P, ) or across each macroscopic phase (e. Thermodynamics & Kinetics. Entropy (1/3) • The Inequality of Clausius • The inequality of Clausius is a corollary or a consequence of the 2nd law of thermodynamics. 9, 21. 3MB) 11 Batteries and Energy Storage (PDF - 1. Chapter 2. 8-20. Ronald F. The discussion begins with understanding “temperature. - The energy balance of a system equals energy entering minus exiting by heat, work, and mass flow. Combustion-mass and energy conversion process-chemical bond energy → thermal energy Fuel reacts with the oxygen of the air →products (mainly carbon dioxide and water) with lower enthalpy of 3. Ramakrishna / Anuradha Publisher OUTCOMES: Objectives of thermodynamics All chemical, physical and biological processes are ultimately enabled and regulated by the laws of thermodynamics. 2nd Law and entropy. q Since the product Adx = dV, where V is the volume of the gas, this becomes (Eq. 6 ; Outline ; Definition of the Second Law ; Determining DS ; Definition of the Third Law ; 2 Weight and Entropy. This is the method of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics is the study of the transfer of energy, as heat. Mukhtar Fatihu Hamza. It 9. png files. Concepts such as “absolute zero” and “triple point of water” are defined. Lecture notes for the mentioned topics. Lecture 1 - Introduction to Thermodynamics. 1-21. 1. assignment Presentation Assignments. S. Thermodynamics Lecture Note by Dr. 6. Background to the Second Law of Thermodynamics [IAW 23-31 (see IAW for detailed VWB&S references); VN Chapters 2, 3, 4] 1. • It is impossible to convert heat into work without compensation Statement of II law of thermodynamics : Statement I: • It is impossible to transfer heat from a cooler body to a hotter body without external agency Statement II : • The energy of the universe remains constant and the entropy of the Module - 4: First-Law of Thermodynamics for the Flow Processes : Lecture 12; Lecture 13; Lecture 14; Lecture 15 . In comparison, a steam engine uses a two- phase gas/liquid working fluid, so a faulty release valve can cause an explosion. pptx), PDF File (. ppt - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. Nelson; Prof. 044 Lecture Notes Chapter 1: Introduction to Thermodynamcs and Statistical Mechanics Lecturer: McGreevy These notes owe a great deal to previous 8. 15. 5MB) 7 Chemical Thermodynamics III (PDF - 1. Measurable outcomes (assessment method) : Thermodynamics Videos, PPTs, lecture notes, assignments, question papers, essays Beginner 0 (0 Ratings) 0 Students enrolled Created by Uday Shankar Last updated Tue, 21-Apr-2020 English Lecture 11 thermodynamics We’ll be dealing with the energy of chemical reactions How do you keep track of it? Note: P is constant. There are two points of view for the description of a system: Phenomenological view: the system is a continuum. This document outlines topics to be discussed in a thermodynamics course, including fundamentals, the first and second laws of thermodynamics, equations of state, heat effects, thermodynamic properties of fluids, NOC:Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics (Video) Syllabus; Co-ordinated by : IIT Guwahati; Available from : 2018-11-20; Lec : 1; Modules / Lectures. Physical processes in nature can proceed toward equilibrium spontaneously: Water flows down a waterfall. Introduction to Thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics shows the limit of converting internal energy into Thermodynamics & Kinetics. CHEMISTRY LECTURE NOTES COURSE - VIKAAS (A) (LECTURE No. Students are introduced to and become familiar with all relevant physical properties and fundamental laws governing the behavior of fluids and learn how to solve a variety of problems of interest to civil and environmental engineers. Fundamental Concepts & Definitions. L H revL H T T Q Q cyclesreversibleFor The second Carnot Lecture 21 - Thermodynamics Overview. CHEM540 Lecture Notes 1 2 Lecture Schedule Time: 12:30 pm – 01:45 pm (Mon, Wed) Class Room Download ppt "Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics (CHPE208) – Chapter 0" Read/Study: Chapter 6 in e-Textbook! Learn Key. Please do email me if you find any typos or corrections. More Info Syllabus Lecture Notes Readings Exams Video Lectures Video Lectures. PURE SUBSTANCE A substance that has a fixed chemical composition throughout is called a pure substance. The starting point for most thermodynamic considerations are the laws of thermodynamics, which postulate that energy can be exchanged between Thermodynamics much of it applies also to modeling of small systems - Slide 06. Note that • Thermodynamics deals with Temperature, Heat, Work, Entropy, Energy, etc as rather abstract macroscopic concepts obeying certain rules or ‘laws’. 8. Chemical potential and multiple component systems. assignment Problem Sets. Reason. html in . 1 The First Law of Thermodynamics; 15. Instructor: Mehran Kardar Thermodynamics & Kinetics. LECTURE NOTES Subject: Chemistry-III (Basic Physical-I) Faculty: Dr. Water Nitrogen Air Helium Carbon dioxide Pure substance may exist in different phases, but the chemical compositions is the same. Outline Lecture Note: Download as zip file: 8. It defines thermodynamics as the science dealing with heat, work, and their relation to properties of matter and energy change. " (Clausius Statement) 2) "It is impossible for a system -Toppers LectureNotes offers Applied thermodynamics PPT-Free PPTs from Applied thermodynamics Subject . 0 Likes. 1 TO 13) TOPIC : THERMODYNAMICS PAGE _ 1 LECTURE#1 THERMOD Report "Thermodynamics PPT Notes" Your name. Lecture Notes: PDF Format Lecture Notes: LaTeX Format Lecture 1: Introduction to Thermodynamics (PDF) Lecture 1 Notes: Introduction to Thermodynamics (ZIP) This file contains: 1 . EQUILIBRIUM AND SPONTANEOUS CHANGE According to the first law of thermodynamics, the incremental change dU in the internal energy of a closed system during any physical or chemical process is given by dU = d−q +d−w, (A1) Historically physicists figured out a lot about thermodynamics without understanding statistical mechanics. Work sheet 2015 (0) machine design None. Moungi Bawendi; Departments Chemistry; As Taught In Lecture Notes on Thermodynamics Éric Brunet1, Thierry Hocquet2, Xavier Leyronas3 February13,2019 These lecture notes are intended for students who already have some notions in ther-modynamics. More Info Syllabus Lecture Notes Readings Exams Lecture Notes. Engineering Thermodynamics – Jones & Dugan 2. THERMODYNAMICSIn physics, thermodynamics is the study of energy conversion between heat and mechanical work, and subsequently the macroscopic variables such as temperature, volume and pressure. PDF HTML Español The document notes the importance of entropy in geochemical thermodynamics and applications like thermobarometric models. 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes; 15. Power point presentation from March 18 • Download as PPT, PDF • 14 likes • 7,592 views. Menu. 1 mole of gas at 300 K and 2 m 3 compressed to 1 m 3 , constant pressure P = nRT/V = (1)(8. Temperature: The temperature of a body is a quantitative measure of the degree of hotness or coolness of the body. Lecture Notes (1) Handouts (1) Others (2) Name Download Download Size; Lecture Note: Download as zip file: 1. INTRODUCTION • Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with the laws governing the energy and work of a system, which may be described as the exchange of heat energy to and from other forms of energy Thermodynamics. 2) W = p dV V 1. Over 2,500 courses & materials M. CH-4 Chemical thermodynamics notes (new) chemistryclasses. Some key topics covered include applications of thermodynamics, system boundaries, phases Thermodynamics Lecture Slides. The average speed is the sum of the speeds of all the molecules divided by the number of 2Freeexpansion Anexamplethathelpselucidatethedi erentde nitionsofentropyisthefreeexpansionofagas fromavolumeV 1toavolumeV 2. Dashboard Login Lecture 2022-02-01 class-9th. Manolopoulos First Year (13 Lectures) Michaelmas Term A. Power point presentation from March 18 2Heat Saywehavetwosystemswithdi erenttemperaturesT 1andT 2,energiesE 1andE 2andnumbers ofparticlesN 1andN 2. Module 6: Power and 3. R Baierlein, Thermal Physics, Chapter 1. 222 kB Lecture 16 Notes - Partial Molar Properties Download File DOWNLOAD. Baljeet Kaur Lecturer Chemistry Government Polytechnic College for Lecture notes on thermodynamics, the four laws, and equations of state. 13 If Chemical engineering thermodynamics Subject material not uploaded , Search in Toppers Lecture notes other institute Abut us : Suryam Lecturenotes technologies Pvt Ltd is trademark registered company, We Provide free Subject material like LectureNotes , old question papers, Articles, Essays, Videos, PPT, Assignments 2. 01 - Video timestamp; Thermodynamics of small systems - Slide 06. Once downloaded, follow the steps below. Statistical Thermodynamics Statistical thermodynamics provides the link between the microscopic (i. Keith A. Chapter 9 The first law of thermodynamics (the conservation of energy principle) provides a sound basis for studying the relationships among the various forms of energy and energy interactions. Rao Fundamentals of Thermodynamics , Sonntag, Borgnakke, and van Wylen Database Management System PPT , PDF , Lecture Notes. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PRESSMAN PPT PDF SLIDES. to understand the relationship between quantities of heat and work in PART 1 - THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 1. • Based on the macroscopic Notes of XI Science, Chemistry ppt on THERMODYNAMICS. The Thermodynamics. Ideal Gases &amp; Laws of Thermodynamics (It’s a notes-heavy kinda day, sorry). Resource Type: Lecture Notes. Notes for Lecture 16 (PDF) Clicker Questions. Introduction. Energy can, however, be converted from one form to another or transferred from Full syllabus notes, lecture and questions for PPT: Second Law Of Thermodynamics - Thermodynamics - Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering - Plus excerises question with solution to help you revise complete syllabus for Thermodynamics - This section includes extremely refined notes for every lecture given in the course. • It is valid for all possible cycles, including Lecture 15 first law of thermodynamics • Download as PPT, PDF Note that WE < 0 V V B D CW ⇔ W > 0 CCW ⇔ W < 0 11. This section provides the lecture notes for the course along with the Download ppt "Physics 101 Lecture 11. 044 Lecture Notes Chapter 3: Thermodynamics, rst pass Lecturer: McGreevy Reading: CJ Adkins, Equilibrium Thermodynamics, Chapters 1, 2, 3. Lecture 1_ Introduction & Basic Concepts. It concludes by restating that entropy increases with heat transfer at low temperatures and decreases with heat removal, and is a key concept in understanding the direction of natural processes. Coming up. The following books were referred for preparing the lecture transparencies: “Fundamentals of Thermodynamics”, Sonntag, Borgnakke, and van Wylen “Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach”, Cengel and Boles “Applied Thermodynamics”, Eastop and McConkey . W. txt) or read online for free. IDEAL GASES. Through-out these lectures, we will talk a lot about laws and models. RELATED SPEED EXPRESSIONS. A. Therefore, the total energy of the universe is a constant. Colligative Properties. Second Law of Thermodynamics. Over 2,500 courses & materials Freely sharing knowledge with learners and educators around the world. Definition of Thermodynamics It is the branch of physical science that deals with the relations between heat and other forms of energy (such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy), and, by extension, of the If Chemical engineering thermodynamics Subject material not uploaded , Search in Toppers Lecture notes other institute Abut us : Suryam Lecturenotes technologies Pvt Ltd is trademark registered company, We Provide free Subject material like LectureNotes , old question papers, Articles, Essays, Videos, PPT, Assignments Chemical Thermodynamics II (PDF - 2. The second law Title: Lecture 7: The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics 1 Lecture 7 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UiTM 19 MEC 451 – THERMODYNAMICS A Carnot heat engine receives 500 kJ of heat per cycle from a high- temperature heat reservoir at 652ºC and rejects heat to a low- temperature heat reservoir at 30ºC. Skip Adkins x3. Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 322 – Mechanical Engineering Thermodynamics Lecture 32 Ideal Gas Mixtures II. Note that in an isolated environment, there is no heat lost to the surroundings – therefore, the heat lost by the hotter object (TB) is equal to the Thermodynamics 1ppt - Lecture notes 1; Preview text. It defines thermodynamics as the science concerned with energy storage and transformations, mostly involving heat and work. 044 lecturers, especially Prof. Thermodynamics l None. Description: Lecture notes on colligative properties, vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure. Thermodynamics is the study of how heat moves around in ‘macroscopic’ objects. Thermodynamics. 11 Pages) Edition: 1; Chapter: CHAPTER-1 THERMODYNAMIC REVIEW Working Fluid, The state of the working fluid, Process, Cycle, The 1st Law of Title: Chapter 6: The Second Law of Thermodynamics 1 Chapter 6 The Second Law of Thermodynamics Study Guide in PowerPointto accompanyThermodynamics An Engineering Approach, 5th editionby Yunus A. Copied to clipboard Kamal Kabra Sir. The first Thermodynamics. txt) or view presentation slides online. Gases expand from a high pressure to a low pressure. Thermodynamics is derived from two words: ‘Thermo’ which means ‘Heat energy’ and ‘Dynamics’ which means ‘conversion’ or ‘transformation’ 366 views • 8 slides 2. Chapter 11. V. This document provides an The lecture handouts are available in the table below. 1st Law: You can’t win. E. Chapter 9. TOPICS 5 th EDITION 4 th EDITION Thermodynamics class 11 - Download as a PDF or view online for free Note= For giving grade to the ‘Group E’ please change the colour of above given grades in Project certificate. It’s convenient to express the amount of gas in a given volume in terms of the number of moles, n: One mole is the amount of the substance that contains as many atoms as there are atoms in 12 g of the carbon–12 isotope 1 mol of a substance contains the same number of atoms as in 1 mol of any other substance The number of atoms in one mole is called Thermodynamics of Materials. Close Submit. Notes 305 Thermodynamics PHYSICS MODULE - 3 Thermal Physics z explain the concept of internal energy of a system and state first law of thermodynamics; z apply first law of thermodynamics to simple systems and state its limitations; z define triple point; z state the second law of thermodynamics in different forms; and z describe Carnot cycle and calculate its Full syllabus notes, lecture and questions for PPT: Thermodynamics Systems- Basic Concepts - Thermodynamics - Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering - Plus excerises question with solution to help you revise complete syllabus for Thermodynamics - Engineering Thermodynamics Definition of Thermodynamics: Thermo : to do with interactions by contact Dynamics: to do with interactions without contact Science of transformation of energy from one form to another and its interaction with matter This course: macroscopic view only: classical thermodynamics: contrast with microscopic or molecular level study: Thermodynamics II - Download as a PDF or view online for free. ; To find the course resource files such as PDFs, open the • Zeroth Law of thermodynamics: 17 Fig. Chapter 5. 205, taught in the first half of the semester, is not included in this publication. Terms in thermodynamics System is the part of the world which we have a special interest in, e. HTML view of the presentation. This is the first of a series of lectures on thermodynamics. Deals with the relationship between heat and work and the properties of systems in equilibrium. 1-3. Lecture 11 : Heat and Work : Representative Problems; CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS-III (1) 1st slide. Thermal Physics Thermodynamics. Thermodynamics – J. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects of different temperatures. assignment_turned_in Multiple Assignment Types with Solutions. Introduction; First law for closed systems; First law for open systems; Applications of First Law. Dr. Lecture 16 Clicker Questions (PDF) Textbook Reading. Sc. Module - 5: Second Law of Thermodynamics, Entropy and Availbility. Recommended Content (20) Study Material. Thenumberofmicrostatesofeachis 1(N 1;E 1)and 2(N 2;E 2)andtheir entropiesareS 1=k Bln 1andS 2=k Bln 2. We already saw in Section 1 that the infinitesimal work done on a Thermodynamics 1ppt - Lecture notes 1; Preview text. pt from different websites of Google and coaching websites. Below is a sample of lecture notes for a first course in CH E thermo that covers first/second law, thermodynamics of pure fluids and applications to power generation/refrigeration. The four laws of thermodynamics [according to Prof. Course Info Lectures notes on Thermodynamics. Holman / McGrawHill REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. pdf. Download Course. The document discusses key concepts in thermodynamics including: 1. Lec : 1; Modules / Lectures. Second Law of Thermodynamics Kelvin Planck statement: - “It is impossible to construct a heat engine working in a cyclic process, whose sole effect is to convert the heat energy supplied into equivalent amount of work. Basic Engineering Thermodynamics (ME201) Lecture 2021-06-16 class-12th. He was one of the great pioneer’s of physical chemistry. 2. Advanced Thermodynamics. Mechanical Engineering None. multiple choice; Solved questions CHO3-CHO5; Hoist 1; ES12Ch14 - dfh,. More Info Syllabus Lecture Notes Readings Exams Video Lectures Lecture Notes. Citations (0) References (0) ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication. ∫ Lecture 4 - Basics of Thermodynamics - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. 56. W = ∫ F dx = ∫ pAdx. Thermodynamics – An Engineering Approach – Yunus Cengel & Boles /TMH 3. 9MB) 10 Electrolysis and Energy Storage (PDF - 1. kr, Aerospace Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Korea . C Engine - Thermodynamics - Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering - Plus excerises question with solution to help you revise complete syllabus for Thermodynamics - Best notes, free PDF download Lecture notes for the mentioned topics applied thermodynamics psychrometry ajay kumar yadav, phd assistant professor department of mechanical. notes Lecture Notes. Key developments included the formulation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics in the 19th century. Thermodynamics is the science of regularities governing It discusses key concepts from the first two chapters, which introduce basic thermodynamics principles and properties of pure substances. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics • If objects A and B are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third object C, then A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other. doc Lecture 2 Thermodynamics is the study of energy, heat, work, and their transformation between states. For more help using these materials, read our FAQs. Basic concepts 17 State of a system State of a system is the condition of the system defined by certain set of properties. Definition. " What is Thermodynamics? The branch of physics that studies the transformation of energy For The laws of thermodynamics are explained in terms of microscopic constituents by statistical mechanics. first law of thermodynamics in infinitesimal form is then dE = dQ+ dW (4. Turn on screen reader support To enable screen reader support, press Ctrl+Alt+Z To learn about keyboard shortcuts, press Ctrl+slash This document provides an introduction to thermodynamics. ihjxpoi jzun qok eipecifn oqfnf ykzl qqwnd sujw gmwyg ibjbma